Viewing Options

Command + 1: View as icons
Command + 2: View as a list
Command + 3: View as a column
Command + 4: View as cover flow or as gallery view
Shift + Command + P: Show or hide the preview pane
Right Arrow: Expands the highlighted folder
Left Arrow: Collapses the highlighted folder
Option + Command + Right: Expands the highlighted folder and all subfolders
Command + Down: Opens the selected folder
Command + Up: Returns to the enclosing folder

Navigation

Command + [ : Go back to the previous location
Command + ] : Go forward to the next location
Shift + Command + A: Open the Applications folder
Shift + Command + C: Open the Computer window
Shift + Command + D: Open the Desktop folder
Shift + Command + F: Open Recent Files window
Shift + Command + G: Open Go to Folder command
Shift + Command + H: Open the Home folder
Shift + Command + I: Open the iCloud Drive folder
Shift + Command + K: Open Network window
Option + Command + L: Open Downloads folder
Shift + Command + O: Open Documents folder
Shift + Command + R: Open AirDrop window
Shift + Command + U: Open Utilities folder
Command + K: Open Connect to Server window

File and Window-Related Shortcuts

Option + Command + W: Close all Finder windows

Miscellaneous

Command + J: Show view options
Option + Command + P: Show or hide the path bar
Option + Command + S: Show or hide the sidebar
Command + /: Show or hide the status bar
Shift + Command + T: Show or hide the tab bar
Shift + Command + : Show all tabs
Control + Command + F: Enter or leave full screen
Note: You can customize some of these shortcuts by going to System Preferences > Keyboard > Shortcuts > Finder.